Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages

Marta Kowal; Piotr Sorokowski; Bojana M. Dinić; Katarzyna Pisanski; Biljana Gjoneska; David A. Frederick; Gerit Pfuhl; Taciano L. Milfont; Adam Bode; Leonardo Aguilar; Felipe E. García; S. Craig Roberts; Beatriz Abad-Villaverde; Tina Kavčič; Kirill G. Miroshnik; Izuchukwu L.G. Ndukaihe; Katarína Šafárová; Jaroslava V. Valentova; Toivo Aavik; Angélique M. Blackburn; Hakan Çetinkaya; Izzet Duyar; Farida Guemaz; Tatsunori Ishii; Pavol Kačmár; Jean C. Natividade; Ravit Nussinson; Mohd Sofian B. Omar-Fauzee; Ma Criselda T. Pacquing; Koen Ponnet; Austin H. Wang; Gyesook Yoo; Rizwana Amin; Ekaterine Pirtskhalava; Reza Afhami; Alexios Arvanitis; Derya Atamturk Duyar; Théo Besson; Mahmoud Boussena; Seda Can; Ali R. Can; João Carneiro; Rita Castro; Dimitri Chubinidze; Ksenija Čunichina; Yahya Don; Seda Dural; Edgardo Etchezahar; Feten Fekih-Romdhane; Tomasz Frackowiak; Nasim Ghahraman Moharrampour; Talía Gómez Yepes; Simone Grassini; Marija Jovic; Kevin S. Kertechian; Farah Khan; Aleksander Kobylarek; Valerija Križanić; Samuel Lins; Tetyana Mandzyk; Efisio Manunta; Tamara Martinac Dorčić; Kavitha N. Muthu; Arooj Najmussaqib; Tobias Otterbring; Ju Hee Park; Irena Pavela Banai; Mariia Perun; Marc Eric S. Reyes; Jan P. Röer; Ayşegül Şahin; Fatima Zahra Sahli; Dušana Šakan; Sangeeta Singh; Sanja Smojver-Azic; Sinem Söylemez; Ognen Spasovski; Anna Studzinska; Ezgi Toplu-Demirtas; Arkadiusz Urbanek; Tatiana Volkodav; Anna Wlodarczyk; Mohd Faiz Mohd Y. Yaakob; Mat Rahimi Yusof; Marcos Zumárraga-Espinosa; Maja Zupančič; Robert J. Sternberg

doi:10.1007/s10508-023-02702-7

Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages

Marta Kowal, Piotr Sorokowski, Bojana M. Dinić, Katarzyna Pisanski, Biljana Gjoneska, David A. Frederick, Gerit Pfuhl, Taciano L. Milfont, Adam Bode, Leonardo Aguilar, Felipe E. García, S. Craig Roberts, Beatriz Abad-Villaverde, Tina Kavčič, Kirill G. Miroshnik, Izuchukwu L.G. Ndukaihe, Katarína Šafárová, Jaroslava V. Valentova, Toivo Aavik, Angélique M. BlackburnHakan Çetinkaya, Izzet Duyar, Farida Guemaz, Tatsunori Ishii, Pavol Kačmár, Jean C. Natividade, Ravit Nussinson, Mohd Sofian B. Omar-Fauzee, Ma Criselda T. Pacquing, Koen Ponnet, Austin H. Wang, Gyesook Yoo, Rizwana Amin, Ekaterine Pirtskhalava, Reza Afhami, Alexios Arvanitis, Derya Atamturk Duyar, Théo Besson, Mahmoud Boussena, Seda Can, Ali R. Can, João Carneiro, Rita Castro, Dimitri Chubinidze, Ksenija Čunichina, Yahya Don, Seda Dural, Edgardo Etchezahar, Feten Fekih-Romdhane, Tomasz Frackowiak, Nasim Ghahraman Moharrampour, Talía Gómez Yepes, Simone Grassini, Marija Jovic, Kevin S. Kertechian, Farah Khan, Aleksander Kobylarek, Valerija Križanić, Samuel Lins, Tetyana Mandzyk, Efisio Manunta, Tamara Martinac Dorčić, Kavitha N. Muthu, Arooj Najmussaqib, Tobias Otterbring, Ju Hee Park, Irena Pavela Banai, Mariia Perun, Marc Eric S. Reyes, Jan P. Röer, Ayşegül Şahin, Fatima Zahra Sahli, Dušana Šakan, Sangeeta Singh, Sanja Smojver-Azic, Sinem Söylemez, Ognen Spasovski, Anna Studzinska, Ezgi Toplu-Demirtas, Arkadiusz Urbanek, Tatiana Volkodav, Anna Wlodarczyk, Mohd Faiz Mohd Y. Yaakob, Mat Rahimi Yusof, Marcos Zumárraga-Espinosa, Maja Zupančič, Robert J. Sternberg

Grupo de Investigaciones Psicosociales (GIPS)

Producción científica: Contribución a una revista › Artículo › revisión exhaustiva

3 Citas (Scopus)

Resumen

Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg’s 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale—the TLS-15—comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test–retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components—either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure.

Idioma original	Inglés
Páginas (desde-hasta)	839-857
Número de páginas	19
Publicación	Archives of Sexual Behavior
Volumen	53
N.º	2
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02702-7
Estado	Aceptada/en prensa - 2023

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© 2023, The Author(s).

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10.1007/s10508-023-02702-7

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Kowal, M., Sorokowski, P., Dinić, B. M., Pisanski, K., Gjoneska, B., Frederick, D. A., Pfuhl, G., Milfont, T. L., Bode, A., Aguilar, L., García, F. E., Roberts, S. C., Abad-Villaverde, B., Kavčič, T., Miroshnik, K. G., Ndukaihe, I. L. G., Šafárová, K., Valentova, J. V., Aavik, T., ... Sternberg, R. J. (Aceptado/En prensa). Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 53(2), 839-857. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02702-7

@article{d651e13d30344ebf9eeb029cb114873f,

title = "Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages",

abstract = "Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg{\textquoteright}s 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale—the TLS-15—comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test–retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components—either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure.",

keywords = "Cross-cultural, Triangular Love Scale, Triangular theory of love",

author = "Marta Kowal and Piotr Sorokowski and Dini{\'c}, {Bojana M.} and Katarzyna Pisanski and Biljana Gjoneska and Frederick, {David A.} and Gerit Pfuhl and Milfont, {Taciano L.} and Adam Bode and Leonardo Aguilar and Garc{\'i}a, {Felipe E.} and Roberts, {S. Craig} and Beatriz Abad-Villaverde and Tina Kav{\v c}i{\v c} and Miroshnik, {Kirill G.} and Ndukaihe, {Izuchukwu L.G.} and Katar{\'i}na {\v S}af{\'a}rov{\'a} and Valentova, {Jaroslava V.} and Toivo Aavik and Blackburn, {Ang{\'e}lique M.} and Hakan {\c C}etinkaya and Izzet Duyar and Farida Guemaz and Tatsunori Ishii and Pavol Ka{\v c}m{\'a}r and Natividade, {Jean C.} and Ravit Nussinson and Omar-Fauzee, {Mohd Sofian B.} and Pacquing, {Ma Criselda T.} and Koen Ponnet and Wang, {Austin H.} and Gyesook Yoo and Rizwana Amin and Ekaterine Pirtskhalava and Reza Afhami and Alexios Arvanitis and Duyar, {Derya Atamturk} and Th{\'e}o Besson and Mahmoud Boussena and Seda Can and Can, {Ali R.} and Jo{\~a}o Carneiro and Rita Castro and Dimitri Chubinidze and Ksenija {\v C}unichina and Yahya Don and Seda Dural and Edgardo Etchezahar and Feten Fekih-Romdhane and Tomasz Frackowiak and Moharrampour, {Nasim Ghahraman} and Yepes, {Tal{\'i}a G{\'o}mez} and Simone Grassini and Marija Jovic and Kertechian, {Kevin S.} and Farah Khan and Aleksander Kobylarek and Valerija Kri{\v z}ani{\'c} and Samuel Lins and Tetyana Mandzyk and Efisio Manunta and {Martinac Dor{\v c}i{\'c}}, Tamara and Muthu, {Kavitha N.} and Arooj Najmussaqib and Tobias Otterbring and Park, {Ju Hee} and {Pavela Banai}, Irena and Mariia Perun and Reyes, {Marc Eric S.} and R{\"o}er, {Jan P.} and Ay{\c s}eg{\"u}l {\c S}ahin and Sahli, {Fatima Zahra} and Du{\v s}ana {\v S}akan and Sangeeta Singh and Sanja Smojver-Azic and Sinem S{\"o}ylemez and Ognen Spasovski and Anna Studzinska and Ezgi Toplu-Demirtas and Arkadiusz Urbanek and Tatiana Volkodav and Anna Wlodarczyk and Yaakob, {Mohd Faiz Mohd Y.} and Yusof, {Mat Rahimi} and Marcos Zum{\'a}rraga-Espinosa and Maja Zupan{\v c}i{\v c} and Sternberg, {Robert J.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s).",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.1007/s10508-023-02702-7",

language = "English",

volume = "53",

pages = "839--857",

journal = "Archives of Sexual Behavior",

issn = "0004-0002",

publisher = "Springer New York",

number = "2",

}

Kowal, M, Sorokowski, P, Dinić, BM, Pisanski, K, Gjoneska, B, Frederick, DA, Pfuhl, G, Milfont, TL, Bode, A, Aguilar, L, García, FE, Roberts, SC, Abad-Villaverde, B, Kavčič, T, Miroshnik, KG, Ndukaihe, ILG, Šafárová, K, Valentova, JV, Aavik, T, Blackburn, AM, Çetinkaya, H, Duyar, I, Guemaz, F, Ishii, T, Kačmár, P, Natividade, JC, Nussinson, R, Omar-Fauzee, MSB, Pacquing, MCT, Ponnet, K, Wang, AH, Yoo, G, Amin, R, Pirtskhalava, E, Afhami, R, Arvanitis, A, Duyar, DA, Besson, T, Boussena, M, Can, S, Can, AR, Carneiro, J, Castro, R, Chubinidze, D, Čunichina, K, Don, Y, Dural, S, Etchezahar, E, Fekih-Romdhane, F, Frackowiak, T, Moharrampour, NG, Yepes, TG, Grassini, S, Jovic, M, Kertechian, KS, Khan, F, Kobylarek, A, Križanić, V, Lins, S, Mandzyk, T, Manunta, E, Martinac Dorčić, T, Muthu, KN, Najmussaqib, A, Otterbring, T, Park, JH, Pavela Banai, I, Perun, M, Reyes, MES, Röer, JP, Şahin, A, Sahli, FZ, Šakan, D, Singh, S, Smojver-Azic, S, Söylemez, S, Spasovski, O, Studzinska, A, Toplu-Demirtas, E, Urbanek, A, Volkodav, T, Wlodarczyk, A, Yaakob, MFMY, Yusof, MR, Zumárraga-Espinosa, M, Zupančič, M & Sternberg, RJ 2023, 'Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages', Archives of Sexual Behavior, vol. 53, n.º 2, pp. 839-857. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02702-7

TY - JOUR

T1 - Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages

AU - Kowal, Marta

AU - Sorokowski, Piotr

AU - Dinić, Bojana M.

AU - Pisanski, Katarzyna

AU - Gjoneska, Biljana

AU - Frederick, David A.

AU - Pfuhl, Gerit

AU - Milfont, Taciano L.

AU - Bode, Adam

AU - Aguilar, Leonardo

AU - García, Felipe E.

AU - Roberts, S. Craig

AU - Abad-Villaverde, Beatriz

AU - Kavčič, Tina

AU - Miroshnik, Kirill G.

AU - Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L.G.

AU - Šafárová, Katarína

AU - Valentova, Jaroslava V.

AU - Aavik, Toivo

AU - Blackburn, Angélique M.

AU - Çetinkaya, Hakan

AU - Duyar, Izzet

AU - Guemaz, Farida

AU - Ishii, Tatsunori

AU - Kačmár, Pavol

AU - Natividade, Jean C.

AU - Nussinson, Ravit

AU - Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian B.

AU - Pacquing, Ma Criselda T.

AU - Ponnet, Koen

AU - Wang, Austin H.

AU - Yoo, Gyesook

AU - Amin, Rizwana

AU - Pirtskhalava, Ekaterine

AU - Afhami, Reza

AU - Arvanitis, Alexios

AU - Duyar, Derya Atamturk

AU - Besson, Théo

AU - Boussena, Mahmoud

AU - Can, Seda

AU - Can, Ali R.

AU - Carneiro, João

AU - Castro, Rita

AU - Chubinidze, Dimitri

AU - Čunichina, Ksenija

AU - Don, Yahya

AU - Dural, Seda

AU - Etchezahar, Edgardo

AU - Fekih-Romdhane, Feten

AU - Frackowiak, Tomasz

AU - Moharrampour, Nasim Ghahraman

AU - Yepes, Talía Gómez

AU - Grassini, Simone

AU - Jovic, Marija

AU - Kertechian, Kevin S.

AU - Khan, Farah

AU - Kobylarek, Aleksander

AU - Križanić, Valerija

AU - Lins, Samuel

AU - Mandzyk, Tetyana

AU - Manunta, Efisio

AU - Martinac Dorčić, Tamara

AU - Muthu, Kavitha N.

AU - Najmussaqib, Arooj

AU - Otterbring, Tobias

AU - Park, Ju Hee

AU - Pavela Banai, Irena

AU - Perun, Mariia

AU - Reyes, Marc Eric S.

AU - Röer, Jan P.

AU - Şahin, Ayşegül

AU - Sahli, Fatima Zahra

AU - Šakan, Dušana

AU - Singh, Sangeeta

AU - Smojver-Azic, Sanja

AU - Söylemez, Sinem

AU - Spasovski, Ognen

AU - Studzinska, Anna

AU - Toplu-Demirtas, Ezgi

AU - Urbanek, Arkadiusz

AU - Volkodav, Tatiana

AU - Wlodarczyk, Anna

AU - Yaakob, Mohd Faiz Mohd Y.

AU - Yusof, Mat Rahimi

AU - Zumárraga-Espinosa, Marcos

AU - Zupančič, Maja

AU - Sternberg, Robert J.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg’s 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale—the TLS-15—comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test–retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components—either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure.

AB - Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg’s 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale—the TLS-15—comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test–retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components—either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure.

KW - Cross-cultural

KW - Triangular Love Scale

KW - Triangular theory of love

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85174942530&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s10508-023-02702-7

DO - 10.1007/s10508-023-02702-7

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85174942530

SN - 0004-0002

VL - 53

SP - 839

EP - 857

JO - Archives of Sexual Behavior

JF - Archives of Sexual Behavior

IS - 2

ER -

Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages

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