Optimal tilt and orientation angles in fixed flat surfaces to maximize the capture of solar insolation: A case study in Ecuador

Due to the increasing attention of PV generation, and to the uncertainty of the real PV electrical power output, power system are facing planning challenges. Hence, this case report proposes a computer application that determines the optimal tilt and orientation angles of flat surfaces to maximize solar insolation capture based on existing mathematical models. The study uses data from different meteorological variables measured and estimated through a typical year from the most populated Ecuador cities. The computer application considers the global, diffuse, direct, reflected radiation, and the angle of incidence of the sun. This analysis reveals the angle of inclination and orientation where the highest percentage of insolation is obtained in Ecuador’s main cities. The results suggest that, in Ecuador, flat solar capture surfaces can be oriented between 20^◦ and 60^◦ concerning north, and with tilt angles between 12^◦ and 19^◦ . This contrasts with the literature, which recommends an orientation to the equator and an inclination equal to the location’s latitude.