Ericaceous Plants: A Review for the Bioprospecting of Ericoid Mycorrhizae from Ecuador

Ericaceae are a group of plants with biotechnological and commercial importance. These plants establish symbiotic associations with a wide group of mycorrhizal fungi. National and global studies have focused on two of them: arbuscular endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae. The most recent type of mycorrhiza recorded is the cavendishioid ectendomycorrhizae. The cavendishioid is one of the least-studied and understood mycorrhizae, along with monotropoid and arbutoid mycorrhizae. Among the potentialities of these ectendomycorrhizae are the alleviation of environmental stress, the facilitation of establishment, survival, the ability to form dual mycorrhizae, and their importance as a fundamental biological element of plant ecological successions. However, the factors that influence or correlate with the diversity of some of these fungal guilds, as well as the functional significance of their associations, are still unknown. The present review focuses on ericoid mycorrhiza from Ecuador in order to promote their study and thus take advantage of the benefits that they provide to endemic species and those of commercial interest. This material contributes significantly to reducing research gaps and channeling applied projects in the biological sciences.