Los paradigmas del desarrollo y su evolución: Del enfoque económico al multidisciplinario

This article presents the evolution of the concept of development, whose origin comes from the emergence of Economics as a science, presenting concisely the theories with more recognition for their contributions; and revealing, through bibliographic research, the milestones that marked significant advances in the knowledge about this social phenomenon. Four stages were observed: the first that confused development with growth guiding policies to increase GDP; the other is the incorporation of the social dimension from the economic approach by adding the (re) distribution of income as a variable, which was overcome with the contribution of other sciences such as Sociology, Politics and Law, creating multidisciplinary approaches that include the environmental dimension contemplating perspectives of hard sciences such as Physics and Biology, developing a new conception whose approach most accepted now is that of sustainable human development proposed by the UNDP, which incorporates Sen's approach to capabilities and sustainability principles, facilitating the agreement embodied in the 2030 Agenda that set out seventeen disaggregated objectives in one hundred and sixty-nine goals in the economic, social and environmental spheres; this is perhaps the greatest challenge in the creation of an environmental culture that promotes new values, and in other cases, regain ancestral values, where awareness, the product of an improved educational scheme complemented by a political apparatus adjusted to socio-environmental demands are key elements in the process.