Comparación Mercados Eléctricos: Centralizados, Descentralizados Y las Consecuencias de la Inserción de Energías Renovables

This paper offers a comparative analysis between centralized and decentralized electricity markets, with a particular focus on the consequences resulting from the integration of renewable energies in both market models. The main objective is to analyze and contrast how centrally managed electricity markets and those adopting a decentralized approach affect the insertion of renewable energy sources in the electricity supply. Centralized electricity markets present advantages such as competition among generators, stability and centralized coordination. However, they face difficulties in the coordination of multiple actors and the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources. On the other hand, decentralized electricity markets empower consumers, diversify energy sources and improve energy security. Despite these advantages, they face challenges in local-level coordination, grid stability and decision making without a central authority. This analysis shows that both centralized and decentralized electricity markets have their own advantages and challenges in energy management and integration of renewable sources. It also highlights how both approaches are being shaped by technological evolution and energy policies, with the goal of achieving a more sustainable and diversified energy matrix.