Vehicular Crowdsensing: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

The increasing presence of connected vehicles has given rise to Vehicular Crowdsensing (VCS), a transformative paradigm that leverages vehicle-generated data to create smarter, safer, and more sustainable urban environments. This state-of-the-art brief review provides a comprehensive examination of VCS, encompassing its architectural foundations, diverse applications, and key challenges. We delve into the vast potential of VCS to revolutionize intelligent transportation systems, public safety, and environmental sustainability, while also exploring the pivotal role of emerging technologies such as edge computing, artificial intelligence, and 5G in overcoming existing challenges. By providing a detailed roadmap of the current landscape and future directions, this review aims to guide researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in harnessing the power of VCS to build more livable and resilient cities.