Seeds, Food Networks and Politics: Different Ontologies In Relation to Food Sovereignty in Ecuador

Luz Alexandra Martinez Flores

Seeds, Food Networks and Politics: Different Ontologies In Relation to Food Sovereignty in Ecuador

Título traducido de la contribución: Semillas, redes alimentarias y política: distintas ontologías en relación a la soberanía alimentaria en el Ecuador

Luz Alexandra Martinez Flores

Grupo de Investigación Cultura, Alimentación y Agricultura (GICAA)

Producción científica: Informe/libro › Libro

Resumen

En esta tesis exploro la propuesta ontológica de la soberanía alimentaria y discuto las posibilidades que ofrecen estudios como éste a los intentos de las ciencias sociales de explicar -de forma simétrica- que se desarrollan entre los humanos y otras entidades a la hora de producir, procesar y consumir alimentos. En este esfuerzo combino la etnografía y la historia. Argumento que en países como Ecuador, las redes alimentarias como la del altramuz, Lupino mutabilis Sweet, al no establecer diferencias ontológicas entre naturaleza y cultura, promueven la implementación de la soberanía alimentaria en la práctica, siempre y cuando las políticas agrícolas y de ciencia y tecnología (C&T) permitan el desarrollo autónomo de dichas redes. Más concretamente, las redes alimentarias en el altiplano andino han funcionado de forma rizomática, sin establecer jerarquías entre entidades de diferente ontología: alimentos como bienes o alimentos como dones, sociedad y naturaleza, y se han extendido sin discontinuidades entre la ciudad y el campo. Este análisis me permite demostrar que estas redes pueden promover la soberanía alimentaria, porque en ellas se condensa una ontología distinta a la de la modernidad en lo que respecta al cultivo, la transformación y el consumo de alimentos. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados, analizo la racionalidad de las políticas de ciencia y tecnología y las políticas actuales del Estado ecuatoriano. Argumento que dichas políticas van en contra de la lógica de las redes alimentarias. La soberanía alimentaria es un objetivo alcanzable si las políticas del gobierno ecuatoriano contribuyen al fortalecimiento de las redes alimentarias, creando nuevos vínculos para que puedan eludir el modelo del agronegocio. La organización de esta tesis es inusual, ya que el objeto de estudio es una red alimentaria. Esto me obligó a investigar y estructurar esta tesis de una manera particular. Así, comienzo con la explicación etnográfica de una red alimentaria. Aquí analizo su funcionamiento, sus relaciones y los caminos que establece. A partir de este análisis es posible entender por qué las políticas de ciencia y tecnología, específicamente las relacionadas con el fitomejoramiento, crearon nuevas relaciones sociales que afectaron a las redes alimentarias del altiplano. Aquí muestro cómo la racionalidad moderna en la que se basan las políticas agrícolas inhibe el crecimiento de las redes alimentarias y va en contra de la soberanía alimentaria. Luego, a partir del análisis de la formación de la red de soberanía alimentaria, examino la introducción de la propuesta de soberanía alimentaria en la Constitución ecuatoriana y los cambios realizados a la propuesta original. Muestro cómo la plasmación de la propuesta de la Vía Campesina presente en la Constitución y en la posterior ley es posible gracias a la intervención de actores vinculados a los grandes negocios del comercio de alimentos. Todo esto me permite, finalmente, discutir mi aporte: el análisis de l.

Título traducido de la contribución	Semillas, redes alimentarias y política: distintas ontologías en relación a la soberanía alimentaria en el Ecuador
Idioma original	Inglés estadounidense
Editorial	Wageningen University Press
Número de páginas	194
ISBN (versión impresa)	978-94-6257-490-8
Estado	Publicada - 1 ago. 2015

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Seeds, Food Networks and Politics: Different Ontologies In Relation to Food Sovereignty in Ecuador

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