Influence of Geographic Separation Between Urban Centers and Microplastic Burden on Bees (Apis mellifera)

Plastic, a product of industrialization, has become an integral part of human life since its inception. Its extensive usage has led to a drastic increase in production, resulting in the widespread accumulation of plastic waste at various levels. Improper disposal practices have compounded this issue, transforming plastic waste into a significant environmental concern. Factors such as the sheer volume of plastic generated, inadequate management, persistent accumulation, and fragmentation exacerbate this problem. Of particular concern is the prevalence of microplastics, tiny particles measuring less than 5mm, which have permeated various natural ecosystems and have been detected within living organisms. For example, bees, due to their foraging activities, inadvertently carry microplastics and associated contaminants on their bodies. This study aims to investigate the presence of microplastics in bees (Apis mellifera), utilizing them as indicators of microplastic pollution. Additionally, it seeks to determine whether there is a correlation between proximity to urban centers and the abundance of microplastics in bees sampled from selected apiaries. Employing fluorescence microscopy and FTIR Spectroscopy, the study analyzed a total of 54 samples collected from 9 participating apiaries within the designated area. Statistical analyses revealed that Gualaceo is not immune to microplastic contamination, with fibers and synthetic fragments detected in bee specimens. Furthermore, the study found an inverse relationship between distance from urban centers and the concentration of microplastics within beehives. To advance knowledge in this field, future research could explore the extent to which microplastics are integrated into bee products and their potential impact on living organisms. These findings underscore the urgent need for a shift in attitudes and actions at both individual and institutional levels, emphasizing the importance of proactive engagement in formulating and implementing effective environmental policies and engineering solutions.