Verificación de hechos y periodismo transmedia en América Latina desde una perspectiva comparativa

This study examines the convergence between transmedia journalism and fact checking in Latin America, with the aim of understanding how fact checking practices are linked to digital narratives, multiplatform formats, and information transparency strategies. The research has four objectives: to conduct an exhaustive literature review on the state of fact checking in the region between 2018 and 2025; to identify the most relevant media outlets by country; to analyze their verification strategies and mechanisms; and to construct an advanced comparative matrix that evaluates the methodological soundness of the ten most influential organizations. Recent studies highlight both its effectiveness in correcting misbeliefs and the challenges of objectivity and transparency. At the same time, research on regional practices highlights the expansion of collaborative networks such as LatamChequea and the early role of Chequeado in Argentina, which have turned Latin America into a laboratory for verification innovation. The methodology combines a comparative qualitative approach with systematic review techniques, document analysis, and content coding. In the first phase, a PRISMA protocol adapted to scoping reviews was applied, including academic literature indexed in indexed journals, as well as gray literature from Reporters Lab, IFCN, Chequeado, and First Draft. Inclusion criteria were established by year (2018–2025), thematic relevance, and geographic coverage. In the second phase, a regional inventory of fact-checking organizations was constructed, selecting ten objects of study according to criteria of track record, media impact, national diversity, and methodological maturity. For the analysis, a matrix of 35 indicators was designed, grouped into seven domains: transparency, source triangulation, accuracy, participation, editorial independence, transmedia deployment, and technological traceability. Each indicator was coded on an ordinal scale (0–3) using observable evidence from websites, publications, and public repositories. A Methodological Robustness Index (MRI) was calculated, which allowed for comparing the strength of verification strategies between cases and estimating strengths and weaknesses. The results of the review confirm a sustained boom in verification initiatives, with more than 40 active projects in Latin America by 2025, according to Reporters Lab. The literature shows a trend toward professionalization of practices, although gaps in transparency and narrative consistency persist. In the comparative analysis, organizations with greater methodological explicitness and clear correction policies obtained the highest IRM scores, while those with occasional verification or dependent on media agendas showed weaknesses in triangulation and traceability. Likewise, it was identified that projects with a transmedia approach manage to expand their reach and citizen participation, but face risks of message fragmentation when there is no documentar.