Insurgencias Urbanas: Proponer, Re-existir, Re-crear, Re-habitar, Desafiar

By the end of 1980, the worker, peasant and student movements - which had been a bastion of social struggles and resistance in the 1960s and 1970s in Ecuador - were cornered, weakened and/or demobilized. Either as a result of the application of neoliberal policies or the exhaustion of the forms of organization of these social groups, leaving a vacuum and the opportunity for other actors to emerge that take up popular demands. So, other struggles and actors begin to emerge, they go beyond the discourse of the so-called class struggle and start from their identities. They give a political projection to their demands based on everyday life and the collective construction ofsubjectivities. Pleyers (2018) points out this as the "way of subjectivity", since they defend the autonomy of theirlived experience, their subjectivity and their creativity, whether at the level of a community or at the individual level. Thus, the women's movement questions their subalternity from the denunciation of the macho society, turning it into a fight for gender equality, the inclusion of sexual diversity and the different ways of living femininity and masculinity. Young people present themselves as producers of culture, of ethical and aesthetic manifestations, and not just as skeptical consumers. The indigenous world becomes the axis of social struggles, since it not only denounces the racism that it faces every dayday, but rather proposes intercultural inclusive societies and new forms of relationship with the earth and nature. These actors, who are called "new social movements", begin to have a relevant role in political life. They are positioning themselves in the social and media imaginary, either because of their demands, their public actions or their ability to mobilize.