Hacia una Hermenéutica del Texto: Un Diálogo entre Gadamer y Lotman

Work on the understanding and interpretation of text and its meaning continues to be topics of great relevance in a wide range of disciplines such as philosophy, literature, linguistics, history and psychology. In the field of philosophy, the text becomes an ideal space for reflection thanks to its ability to reveal ideas, values and human experiences. Hermeneutics is dedicated to the study of the text as the main object, but its applications extend to other areas such as the philosophy of language, anthropology, ontology, the theory of knowledge and epistemology. This work aims to analyze and compare the approaches of Gadamer and Lotman on the text, in order to establish a hermeneutical dialogue that allows us to better understand their conception on this important topic. This analysis is approached from a qualitative methodology, using the hermeneutic method, concluding that it focuses on the interaction between the text, context and the reader. For Gadamer, this interaction is a dialogue between two world horizons: that of the author and that of the reader. The fusion of horizons allows a deep understanding of the text and its historical context. For his part, Lotman defines the text as a complex system with multiple levels of meaning. This polysemy invites the reader to actively participate in the construction of meaning, contributing their own experience. In this perspective, a relationship is evident between the concept of text-semiosphere proposed by Lotman and Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics; Both areas of study focus on the interpretation of symbols and signs, as well as the making of meaning through the interaction between the individual and their environment.