Techno-economic assessment of distribution system considering different types of electric vehicles and distributed generators

The global warming crisis, together with environmental concerns, has already led governments to replace traditional fossil-fuel cars with low-emission Electric Vehicles (EVs). This replacement has resulted in the addition of a large number of EVs capable of connecting to the grid. A coordinated charging method is needed to promote EVs on a large scale while preventing grid overloading. In this work, EVs are categorized based on their battery capacity, as cars, trucks, and buses. A charging/discharging mechanism based on Real Time Pricing for each hour is developed for a 20-min block that has been formed. The locations of EV charging stations have been identified using Voltage Stability Index. In the present work, the power loss when Distributed Generator (DG) units are deployed after the EVs are located in the system for charging and discharging is analyzed. The DGs are considered as solar-based or wind-based generators for studying the economic benefit of such an investment under two different weather scenarios and topologies on standard test systems. The results thus obtained give an insight into the various technical and economic benefits.