Protocolos para el Manejo de la Anafilaxia y el Shock Anafiláctico en el Consultorio Odontológico: Revisión De la Literatura

Anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock are life-threatening systemic allergic reactions. Although infrequent in dentistry, many of the supplies used in clinical practice can act as allergens. Furthermore, inadequate training of dental professionals in managing these types of emergencies increases the risk of serious complications. The objective of this study was to describe the updated protocols for managing anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock in the dental office through a literature review. A literature review was conducted in PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar, using DeCS and MeSH descriptors related to anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, and dentistry, selecting the most relevant articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main triggering agents in dentistry include local anesthetics, antibiotics, chlorhexidine, latex, various components of iodine solutions, and metals. Effective management depends on early identification of the condition, discontinuation of the causative agent, and immediate administration of adrenaline as first-line treatment, supplemented with oxygen and fluid therapy. In conclusion, rapid and precise action, ongoing training, implementation of standardized protocols, and the availability of appropriate supplies for the dentist are essential to ensure an effective response and safeguard the patient's life.