Prevalencia y Factores de Riesgo de la Encefalitis: Revisión Bibliográfica

Introduction: Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain caused by infectious, autoimmune, and environmental factors. It represents a public health issue due to its severe neurological impact and high morbidity in different regions of the world. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of encephalitis in its various forms, including viral, autoimmune, and vector borne encephalitis, as well as the risk factors and control strategies identified in recent literature. Methodology: A search was conducted in scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, selecting studies published between 2020 and 2024 that reported epidemiological data, risk factors, and clinical manifestations. Articles without quantitative information were excluded. Results: The prevalence of encephalitis varied depending on the etiological agent and region. Viral encephalitis is more common in winter in South Korea. Japanese encephalitis affects up to 26% of mosquitoes and animals in Asia. Autoimmune encephalitis has a prevalence of 1–2% in patients with first-episode psychosis. Climatic and environmental factors influence its distribution. Conclusion: Encephalitis remains a public health challenge. Prevention strategies based on epidemiological surveillance, vector control, and equitable access to diagnosis and treatment are needed in different regions.