Optimal Secondary and Tertiary Hierarchical Control for Photovoltaic System Generation Using a Heuristic Approach

This paper proposes a secondary and tertiary optimal methodology to control an electrical distribution system with photovoltaic generation. The control is hierarchical, and the optimization relies on heuristics; thus, the optimal approach minimizes the error, comparing the output with the reference, but the methodology maintains an acceptable operational cost. The objective function determines the optimal controller's coefficient to improve system performance. The steady-state response does not have an overshoot, and it is over-damped. Considering the presence of non-linear elements, the response time is sufficiently fast. Moreover, despite the increase in load, the settling time is less than 0.4 seconds, and the system output satisfies the system requirements in terms of power and voltage.