Neuropsicología Clínica de las Adicciones: Revisión Bibliográfica

Addictions represent one of the leading causes of disability and premature death worldwideand pose a complex challenge for clinical neuro-psychology. This narrative review criticallyexamines 25 recent publications (2015–2025), inclu-ding clinical studies, neuroimaging research,systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and case re-ports, aiming to synthesize evidence on cognitive profiles, functional predictors, implicated brain net-works, assessment strategies, and therapeutic ap-proaches in addictions. The results show that patients with substance use disorders andbehavioral addic-tions frequently exhibit deficits in complex attention, memory, inhibition, executive functions, and deci-sion-making, with moderating factors such as age, trauma history, psychiatric comorbidity, sedative bur-den, and emotional distress. Dysfunctions are identi-fied in the insula, dorsolateral and orbitofrontal pre-frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, and emerging interventions include physical exercise, non-invasive brain stimulation, and personalized mo-bile technologies.