LoRaWAN in the Internet of Things: A Systematic Review of Network Architecture, Security, Business Models, and Real-World Deployments

Santiago Acurio Maldonado; Erwin J. Sacoto Cabrera; Edisson Meneses; Mónica Karel Huerta

doi:10.1109/ETCM67548.2025.11304501

LoRaWAN in the Internet of Things: A Systematic Review of Network Architecture, Security, Business Models, and Real-World Deployments

Santiago Acurio Maldonado
, Erwin J. Sacoto Cabrera
, Edisson Meneses
, Mónica Karel Huerta

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology has emerged as a key solution in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem due to its energy efficiency, wide reach, and low deployment cost. This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) based on Kitchenham's guidelines and aims to analyze the state of the art of LoRaWAN from four dimensions: architecture, business models, security, and real-world applications. Sixty-three indexed academic publications from 2017 to 2025 were examined, selected through a rigorous searching, filtering, and evaluation protocol. The results identify key trends, technical challenges, and research gaps, highlighting emerging solutions such as blockchain, edge computing, and artificial intelligence. This study offers a comprehensive view that can guide future research and development in urban and industrial IoT environments.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331552640
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM67548.2025.11304501
State	Published - 2025
Event	9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting, ETCM 2025 - Quito, Ecuador Duration: 21 Oct 2025 → 24 Oct 2025

Publication series

Name	ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting

Conference

Conference	9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting, ETCM 2025
Country/Territory	Ecuador
City	Quito
Period	21/10/25 → 24/10/25

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 IEEE.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

Business Models
IoT
LoRaWAN
LPWAN
Network Security
Systematic Literature Review
Wireless Deployments

Access to Document

10.1109/ETCM67548.2025.11304501

Cite this

Acurio Maldonado, S., Sacoto Cabrera, E. J., Meneses, E., & Huerta, M. K. (2025). LoRaWAN in the Internet of Things: A Systematic Review of Network Architecture, Security, Business Models, and Real-World Deployments. In ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM67548.2025.11304501

Acurio Maldonado, Santiago ; Sacoto Cabrera, Erwin J. ; Meneses, Edisson et al. / LoRaWAN in the Internet of Things : A Systematic Review of Network Architecture, Security, Business Models, and Real-World Deployments. ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. (ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting).

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title = "LoRaWAN in the Internet of Things: A Systematic Review of Network Architecture, Security, Business Models, and Real-World Deployments",

abstract = "Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology has emerged as a key solution in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem due to its energy efficiency, wide reach, and low deployment cost. This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) based on Kitchenham's guidelines and aims to analyze the state of the art of LoRaWAN from four dimensions: architecture, business models, security, and real-world applications. Sixty-three indexed academic publications from 2017 to 2025 were examined, selected through a rigorous searching, filtering, and evaluation protocol. The results identify key trends, technical challenges, and research gaps, highlighting emerging solutions such as blockchain, edge computing, and artificial intelligence. This study offers a comprehensive view that can guide future research and development in urban and industrial IoT environments.",

keywords = "Business Models, IoT, LoRaWAN, LPWAN, Network Security, Systematic Literature Review, Wireless Deployments",

author = "\{Acurio Maldonado\}, Santiago and \{Sacoto Cabrera\}, \{Erwin J.\} and Edisson Meneses and Huerta, \{M{\'o}nica Karel\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.; 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting, ETCM 2025 ; Conference date: 21-10-2025 Through 24-10-2025",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/ETCM67548.2025.11304501",

language = "English",

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booktitle = "ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting",

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Acurio Maldonado, S, Sacoto Cabrera, EJ, Meneses, E & Huerta, MK 2025, LoRaWAN in the Internet of Things: A Systematic Review of Network Architecture, Security, Business Models, and Real-World Deployments. in ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting. ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting, ETCM 2025, Quito, Ecuador, 21/10/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM67548.2025.11304501

LoRaWAN in the Internet of Things: A Systematic Review of Network Architecture, Security, Business Models, and Real-World Deployments. / Acurio Maldonado, Santiago; Sacoto Cabrera, Erwin J.; Meneses, Edisson et al.
ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. (ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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T1 - LoRaWAN in the Internet of Things

T2 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting, ETCM 2025

AU - Acurio Maldonado, Santiago

AU - Sacoto Cabrera, Erwin J.

AU - Meneses, Edisson

AU - Huerta, Mónica Karel

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology has emerged as a key solution in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem due to its energy efficiency, wide reach, and low deployment cost. This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) based on Kitchenham's guidelines and aims to analyze the state of the art of LoRaWAN from four dimensions: architecture, business models, security, and real-world applications. Sixty-three indexed academic publications from 2017 to 2025 were examined, selected through a rigorous searching, filtering, and evaluation protocol. The results identify key trends, technical challenges, and research gaps, highlighting emerging solutions such as blockchain, edge computing, and artificial intelligence. This study offers a comprehensive view that can guide future research and development in urban and industrial IoT environments.

AB - Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology has emerged as a key solution in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem due to its energy efficiency, wide reach, and low deployment cost. This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) based on Kitchenham's guidelines and aims to analyze the state of the art of LoRaWAN from four dimensions: architecture, business models, security, and real-world applications. Sixty-three indexed academic publications from 2017 to 2025 were examined, selected through a rigorous searching, filtering, and evaluation protocol. The results identify key trends, technical challenges, and research gaps, highlighting emerging solutions such as blockchain, edge computing, and artificial intelligence. This study offers a comprehensive view that can guide future research and development in urban and industrial IoT environments.

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KW - IoT

KW - LoRaWAN

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KW - Network Security

KW - Systematic Literature Review

KW - Wireless Deployments

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DO - 10.1109/ETCM67548.2025.11304501

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105032503398

T3 - ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting

BT - ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

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Acurio Maldonado S, Sacoto Cabrera EJ, Meneses E, Huerta MK. LoRaWAN in the Internet of Things: A Systematic Review of Network Architecture, Security, Business Models, and Real-World Deployments. In ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2025. (ETCM 2025 - 9th Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting). doi: 10.1109/ETCM67548.2025.11304501

LoRaWAN in the Internet of Things: A Systematic Review of Network Architecture, Security, Business Models, and Real-World Deployments

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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Cite this