Intervenciones con Realidad Virtual para la Ansiedad Infantojuvenil: Revisión Sistemática Y Metaanálisis

Contemporary clinical psychology operates in a context in which technological advances and emerging social demands continuously redefine the ways psychological processes are assessed, intervened upon, and understood. What is referred to as Clinical Psychology 5.0 does not merely describe the use of digital devices or platforms; rather, it represents a broader integrative approach in which neuroscience, engineering, models of human learning, and professional ethics converge. Within this framework, two technologies emerge as particularly relevant: neurofeedback and virtual reality. The former allows for the real-time observation and training of patterns of brain activity, promoting self-regulation processes that can be enhanced through neuroplasticity. The latter makes it possible to recreate controlled environments and experiences tailored to the therapeutic needs of diverse population groups. When used appropriately, both tools open up clinical possibilities that would have seemed unthinkable just a few decades ago. The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the clinical applications of these technologies across a range of psychological and neuropsychological conditions. Each chapter combines methodological rigor with an applied perspective that facilitates understanding for both researchers and professionals in training. The first chapter examines the evidence regarding the effectiveness of neurofeedback in adolescents and adults with epilepsy, a field in which non-invasive interventions are of particular importance in cases resistant to pharmacological treatment. The second chapter explores the therapeutic applications of virtual reality in childhood ADHD, analyzing how immersive environments enhance attention and motor control. The third chapter reviews studies on child and adolescent anxiety, highlighting the value of controlled simulations in fear reduction and emotional skills training. Taken together, these studies not only synthesize the current state of knowledge but also provide a clear view of the clinical potential of these technologies. They also emphasize the importance of ethics, professional training, and rigorous evaluation, reminding us that technology, without a solid clinical foundation, cannot by itself sustain a therapeutic process. Rather than merely a compilation of studies, this book seeks to serve as an invitation to reflect on the future of clinical psychology: a discipline that integrates scientific evidence, acknowledges the complexity of human behavior, and uses technology as an ally to promote well-being, autonomy, and holistic development.