Integración de una Prótesis Biomecatrónica de Mano en un Paciente con Amputación de Miembro Superior a Nivel de Muñeca

The study addresses the integration of a hand prosthesis for wrist-level amputation through anthropometric analysis and surface electromyography to understand the patient's muscle signals. A socket is designed for the control elements, and specific sensors are selected. After mechanical adjustments and patient trials to evaluate control and delays, it is concluded that extensive training is necessary to manage movements. The central problem is improving the control and functionality of a biomechatronic hand prosthesis with seven degrees of freedom by efficiently integrating sensors based on the patient's ergonomic and anthropometric characterization. The novelty lies in a holistic approach that uses technological advances to better adapt prostheses to individual needs. Muscle characterization revealed that the activity of the amputated limb does not retain its physiological characteristics, leading to the exclusion of electromyographic sensors in favor of an on-off control, allowing the user to operate the prosthesis without errors. The resulting device is functional and adaptable, with the potential to integrate different control interfaces in the future, thus improving the quality of life for amputees.