Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Driver Fatigue Detection Using EEG and EOG Signals

Driver fatigue is one of the leading causes of road accidents worldwide, affecting concentration, reaction time, and vehicle control. Sleep deprivation, long driving hours, and monotonous conditions increase the risk, particularly among professional drivers and shift workers. Identifying early signs of fatigue is essential for improving road safety and preventing accidents. This study introduces a structured framework for detecting fatigue based on EEG and EOG signal analysis. Using the SEED-VIG dataset, the methodology integrates multiple stages, including data processing, feature selection, model training, and performance optimization. Various machine learning models were tested, with particular emphasis on Random Forest, LSTM networks, and ensemble techniques such as Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, and LightGBM. Additionally, explainability techniques like SHAP and LIME were applied to highlight critical fatigue indicators, such as variations in blink frequency, saccadic movements, and brainwave activity in the theta and delta frequency bands. Among the tested models, the optimized Random Forest approach yielded the highest accuracy, with an RMSE of 0.0257. These findings contribute to the advancement of fatigue monitoring technologies, offering practical solutions for real-time driver assessment and accident prevention.