Evaluación de Bacillus spp. como rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (RPCV) en brócoli Brassica oleracea var. italica) y lechuga (Lactuca sativa)

Lettuce and broccoli are valuable agricultural products in Ecuador whose cultivation demands considerable quantities of mineral nutrients, usually obtained from chemical fertilizers. As the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has shown to be a biological alternative for cropping these vegetable species, several strains of Bacillus spp. were evaluated through laboratory and field tests. Biological nitrogen fixation was performed by a qualitative assessment in a free nitrogen culture medium; the indoleacetic acid production was carried out in a Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) medium by quantifying its concentration using Salkowski’s reagent; phosphate solubilization was established on an NBRIP medium and the transformed phosphorus concentration was quantified with the Mo-Blue reagent. The data obtained showed a significant difference between the treatments (p < 0.01) where B. megaterium and B. licheniformis showed a higher ability to fix nitrogen, produce auxins, and solubilize phosphate. Field tests achieved, on the one hand, an increase in height of 26.7 % and 13.7 % in lettuce and broccoli, respectively, with a weekly application of B. licheniformis. On the other hand, a weekly application of B. megaterium significantly increased the dry matter content, length, and root weight in lettuce as well as in broccoli. All comparisons were made against a control. These results show that the strains identified in this research could be considered as growth-promoting microorganisms and are a biological alternative to chemical fertilizers.