Enfermedad Cerebrovascular: Un Enemigo Silencioso que Transforma Vidas

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in the world, affecting both developed and developing countries. It is classi�ied into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, depending on whether the interruption of blood low is due to vascular blockage or rupture. Major risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, smoking and sedentary lifestyle, which have increased the incidence of stroke in young adults. Neurological damage varies according to the brain region affected, impacting cognitive, motor and sensory functions. Advances in diagnosis and treatment, such as neuroimaging techniques and thrombolytic drugs, have improved patient survival and rehabilitation. However, prevention remains key to reducing the burden of disease. This chapter highlights the importance of early detection and timely treatment of stroke, as well as the need for rehabilitation strategies to minimize its sequelae. Understanding the etiological and pathophysiological factors is fundamental to the development of effective public health policies.