Design and Optimization of a UWB Fractal Antenna for Spectral Analysis with NanoVNA

This paper presents an antenna with recursive fractal geometry, with insertions both in the patch and in the ground plane. The substrate used is FR4 with a permittivity of 4.4, thickness of 1.5 mm, and dimensions of 60 mm wide and 68 mm long, in addition to a 50 omhs feed line. The implemented design presents a bandwidth from 1.2 to 2.7 GHz with a resonant frequency at 1.8 GHz and a return loss of −29 dB. The proposed antenna can be seamlessly integrated into equipment such as the NanoVNA, allowing it to take full advantage of the device’s bandwidth capabilities. The design is simple and easy to replicate, making it accessible for various applications in communication systems, such as wireless communications, radar, and sensor networks. The optimization techniques applied, including feed line insertions, ground plane modifications, and strategic corner cuts, contribute to the antenna’s wide bandwidth and efficient performance. These modifications enhance the antenna’s adaptability and functionality, ensuring robust performance across its operational frequency range.