Definición de Protocolos para el Uso de Fitohormonas en el Crecimiento de Orquídeas a Nivel in Vitro

In this research protocols for the use of gibberellic acid (GA3), butyric indole acid (IBA) and kinetin (Kin) were established through in vitro culture of Epidendrum jamiesonis, Epidendrum schistochilum and Oncidium ornithorhynchum, native orchids of Ecuador. Firstly, ideal reference concentrations were calibrated by bioassay using Solanum lycopersicum. To establish a dynamic in the percentage of germination by adding gibberellins, orchid seeds were sown in the Knudson C Modified Medium Plus and 130 µL of each hormone solution were added, determining the ideal concentration of 0,1 mg/L for Epidendrum and 0,2 mg/L for Oncidium. In addition, the effect of IBA, Kin and the combination IBA x Kin was analyzed in protocorms of the species Epidendrum jamiesonis and Epidendrum schistochilum. These were planted in the Orchid Maintanance Medium and 130µL of hormone solution was added. Regarding the kinetin, an ideal concentration of 0,01 mg/L for shoot length and 0,4 mg/L for number of shoot were established. It was also determined that the point of auxin-cytokinin balance in Epidendrum schistochilum is 7,5 mg/L IBA x 0,1 mg/L Kin, but in Epidendrum jamiesonis is 3 mg/L IBA x 0,4 mg/L Kin. However, a better development in the number of shoot, root and leaf growth was observed when applying the combination of hormones solution than individually.