Análisis de la Cartera Vencida de las Principales Instituciones Financieras del Ecuador en Época de Pandemia Covid 19

The Financial System is comprised of the Public, Private and Popular and Solidarity Financial Sectors. This article analyzes the Private Financial Sector and the Popular and Solidarity Financial Sector, of which the behavior of non-performing loans during the COVID 19 pandemic is mainly reviewed. Among the results, considerable increases are observed in the non-performing portfolio in 2020, year of the COVID 19 pandemic, in relation to the year 2019, being these of 19.03% and 12.87% in the Private Sector and Popular and Solidarity Economic Sector respectively, this due to the measures that had to be taken by the National Emergency Operations Center (COE) in Ecuador to watch over the health of the citizenship. Despite the fact that financial institutions were forced to offer refinancing options to their clients in order to reduce levels of non-performing loans, however, the pandemic continues and continues to affect the economy of the entire world. This is how we observe the gross portfolio had zero growth in the third quarter of 2020 due to fewer loans being granted compared to 2019. The average gross portfolio began to improve during the last quarter of 2020, the year of the COVID 19 pandemic, so that in the Private Sector the increase of this variable from the third to the fourth quarter was 6.02% and in the Economic, Popular and Solidarity Sector it was 3.22%. The non-performing loan portfolio presented growth in 2020, such increases in the non-performing loan portfolio averages were considerably moderate, but not normal in relation to previous years, due to the temporary rules established by the resolutions in 2020 to provide support to clients due to the COVID 19 crisis. The intermediation margin, which presents decreases in almost all the quarters of the year 2020 , this resulting in a total annual decrease of -4.94% in the Private Sector and -6.46% in the Economic, Popular and Solidarity Sector, this due to the fact that the operating expenses of the Financial Institutions exceeded their income. In conclusion, the main variable studied, known as non-performing loans, presents growth during the year 2020 especially during the second and third quarters, so that in the Private Sector it had an increase of 12.13% in the second quarter of 2020, while the Economic, Popular and Solidarity Sector had an increase of 20.31% during the third quarter of 2020, these increases in these quarters are mainly due to the fact that in March 2020 the COVID 19 pandemic took root with greater force in Ecuador.