Abordaje de la Interculturalidad en la Prensa Ecuatoriana

The paper proposal recovers the result of a research process conducted by the Communication Research Group of the Salesian Polytechnic University, applied in 4 written media of Ecuador: El Comercio, El Universo, El Telégrafo and Extra, between April and June 2018 in the Intercultural section, to determine the scope and understanding that the Ecuadorian press has about the intercultural and its representation through journalistic genres. The research starts from the fact that Ecuador is recognized in the fundamental principles of the Constitution as an intercultural and plurinational country; and that the Organic Law of Communication, in force since 2013, establishes in its Article 36 the "right to intercultural and plurinational communication. Indigenous, Afro-Ecuadorian and Montubio peoples and nationalities have the right to produce and disseminate in their own language, content that expresses and reflects their worldview, culture, traditions, knowledge and wisdom. In addition, the fifteenth transitory provision decrees that "the media shall include in their programming or editions, contents in the languages of intercultural relations, in a percentage of at least 5% of their programming". However, this proposal is interested in knowing the intercultural approach through a theoretical and educational approach, not a punitive one. Information was collected from a total of 1184 journalistic pieces, of which a universe of 276 were analyzed, including: short notes, news, reports, editorials, etc. The application of the methodology allows us to observe which are the most used journalistic genres in the coverage of intercultural topics, as well as to identify which human group is present in the journalistic piece, the frequency of its treatment, the role it plays in the story, as well as to determine the topics and locations that are mainly associated with intercultural issues. A contextualized explanation of the quantitative results obtained was made in order to understand not only the frequency with which the data appears but also the relationship with the context in which it is developed.